Master of Science (Msc) in Food Science and Technology

Globally, there is increasing awareness of the need to produce foods in a more sustainable way as part of a sustainable food system. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is by increasing our consumption of plant-based foods.

In addition, we need to reduce our use of resources and minimise raw material waste. To be successful, we must focus on producing plant-based foods that are nutritious, healthy, safe, and full of flavour.

Academic Focus

During the specialisation in plant-based foods you learn:

• about the importance of foods derived from plants in a well-balanced human diet.
• about the environmental sustainability of plant-based foods relative to other food sources.
• to identify the composition of plant resources relevant for food and also about the processes that foods of plant origin undergo e.g., fractionation and separation.

Furthermore, you will gain a deep insight into the interplay between safe foods and sustainable food production.

Teaching

Teaching is done by leading researchers from the University of Copenhagen and from the food industry. Lectures are combined with laboratory work, which is sometimes scaled up to pilot plant production.

Many courses are compulsory, but there are also elective courses worth 15-30 ECTS in total, allowing you to customise your education by selecting e.g., courses in gastronomy, advanced spectroscopy, or physical/chemical changes during storage.

Master's Thesis

You can write your thesis in collaboration with a company. Graduates with a specialisation in plant-based foods are awarded an MSc in Food Science & Technology.

Programme Overview

The specialisation can be structured in different ways, depending on whether you write a thesis worth 30 or 45 ECTS and whether you start in September or February. Below, you will find course tables showing the study structure if you start in September or February with a thesis worth 30 ECTS.

Example 1: Study Start in September, Thesis 30 ECTS

Compulsory courses: 60 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Example 2: Study Start in February, Thesis 30 ECTS

Study start in February is only for students with legal right of admission to the programme. Read about legal right of admission.

Compulsory courses: 60 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Dairy products have a high nutritional value, and milk contains many unique chemical compounds, which can be used to add taste or structure to foods. Also, in the future dairy products will be important to a growing global population. The specialisation in Dairy Science and Technology will provide you with the opportunity to work in a key position in production, innovation, or technical consultancy.

Academic Focus

You learn about process technologies that convert raw milk into a variety of products. You'll get an understanding of the whole production chain and in-depth knowledge of how the individual processes in the dairy affect the product and quality of the product.

Biotechnology is another important teaching area within dairy technology. It focuses on the use of starter cultures and enzymes to create the right products with minimal use of resources. You will get an insight into the underlying chemistry and a deep understanding of the fermentation of foods. The programme also focuses on providing an in-depth insight into the formulation and production of dairy products, including the use of ingredients to achieve the right quality.

Teaching

You will be taught by leading scientists from the University of Copenhagen and from the industry. Lectures and laboratory work are supplemented by pilot-scale practical experiments. There are several excursions and company visits.

Danish dairies are very committed to the programme, and have, among other things, appointed a contact committee with industry representatives to ensure that the programme is solidly anchored in a practical, industrial reality and maintains a high academic level.

Most of the courses are compulsory, but you also follow elective courses. As you can choose elective courses worth 15 ECTS, you have the possibility of giving your education a personal touch by choosing courses in gastronomy, advanced spectroscopy, or physical/chemical changes during storage.

Master's Thesis

Almost all students carry out their thesis in close collaboration with a company, thereby ensuring that the cases you will be working on are relevant to the dairy industry.

Examples of theses:

• New method for determining the fat content in whole milk powder
• Graininess in low-fat yoghurt
• Stability of acidified milk drinks
• Taste in low-fat cheese

Dairy Internship

PLEASE NOTE: If you choose the Dairy Science and Technology specialisation, you will be admitted without dairy internship (120 ECTS). The option to choose the dairy internship (extending the programme by an additional 30 ECTS) is reserved for students who can independently secure an internship placement during the first year of the MSc programme.

Click here for a detailed description of the dairy internship. If you have any further questions, please contact us: dairy@food.ku.dk

Exemption from Internship

You are exempt from the internship if you already participated in the dairy internship as part of your BSc, or if you completed the education as a dairy manager, dairy technologist, or process technologist with a dairy specialisation. Exemption from internship requires that you send in documentation to Science Student Services in order to obtain the title Dairy Engineer (Mejeriingeniør).

Programme Overview

The specialisation can be structured in several ways, depending on the size of your thesis, whether the dairy internship will be a part of your MSc programme or not, and whether your study start is in September or February. Below, you will find course tables showing the study structure either without or with dairy internship, if you start in September and write a thesis worth 30 ECTS.

See the full programme overview, and a description of the competencies and skills you obtain with this specialisation in the curriculum for Food Science and Technology >>

Example 1: Study Start September, 120 ECTS (No Dairy Internship), Thesis 30 ECTS

Compulsory courses: 60 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Example 2: Study Start September, 150 ECTS (With Dairy Internship), Thesis 30 ECTS

Compulsory courses: 60 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS
Internship: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Denmark has proud traditions in the field of beer production. For many years, we have exported our expert knowledge of this product to the rest of the world, and Danish master brewers have built many breweries abroad.

Basically, beer consists of relatively few raw materials and process steps. Still, we are nevertheless able to brew highly different types of beer, both in terms of alcohol content, colour, bitterness and taste.

Academic Focus

During the specialisation in Brewing Science and Technology:

• you learn about the raw materials used in beer production and gain an insight into the factors which affect the quality of the raw materials.
• you understand the technology behind the brewing process, from malthouse, brewhouse, fermenting, filtering, packaging, and on to energy supply, environmental conditions, and brewery project planning.
• you gain a deep insight into how the single process affects the product and the product quality.

Globally there is an increasing focus on the production of sustainable foods. One of the most effective ways to obtain this is by reducing the use of resources and minimise raw material waste.

Through excursions, visits, and lectures by people working in the industry, you will get contacts and commercial insight as well as cutting-edge knowledge in the field.

Biotechnology is another important area within brewing technology, concerning the use of starter cultures and enzymes to create the desired products with a minimal use of resources. You will also gain insight into the underlying chemistry and a deeper understanding of the fermentation of foods.

Teaching

Teaching is done by leading researchers from the University of Copenhagen and from the industry. Lectures and laboratory work is supplemented by practical exercises in our own pilot brewery.

Most of the courses are compulsory, but you also have elective courses. As you can choose elective courses worth 15 ECTS, you have the possibility of giving your education a personal touch by selecting courses in gastronomy, advanced spectroscopy, or physical/chemical changes during storage.

Master's Thesis

You can write your thesis in collaboration with a company. Graduates with a specialisation in Brewing Science and Technology obtain the title MSc in Food Science & Technology.

After graduation from the University of Copenhagen, you have the possibility of an additional internship of at least six months, coordinated by the Scandinavian School of brewing (SSB). Having completed the internship you will obtain the additional title of Diploma Master Brewer (in Danish: Brygmester) from SSB.

Programme Overview

The specialisation can be structured in two ways, depending on whether your study start is in September or February:

Course Table, Study Start in September

Compulsory courses: 75 ECTS
Elective courses: 15 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Course Table, Study Start in February

Study start in February is only for students with legal right of admission to the programme. Read about legal right of admission.

Compulsory courses: 75 ECTS
Elective courses: 15 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

In the individual specialisation, you can compose the programme according to your own interests, for example within a discipline, such as technology, quality, microbiology, or chemistry.

You can also focus on product development or on a specific raw material e.g., fish, grain, fruit, or vegetables.

The food industry is continuously working to develop new products which adapt to consumer tastes and wishes. Currently, there is a great demand for flavourful dishes, the final preparation of which is easy to do at home and which are healthy at the same time.

Another focus area is the production of sustainable food, which can be achieved in several ways:

• By using new plant-based raw materials
• By using the waste product from food production for new products
• By extending the storage life of existing products, thereby reducing food waste
• By reducing the resource consumption by e.g., heating or cooling

You can focus on one or more of these strategies when you compose your specialisation. When you have enrolled in the programme, you will be able to see more recommended course of studies from your Head of Studies, which is aimed at plant-based foods, process analytical technologies, ingredients, and enzymes etc.

Master's Thesis

You complete your MSc programme by writing a thesis, which is a large scientific project corresponding to 30 or 45 ECTS. The thesis must be written in the food science or food science technology area.

Programme Overview

The individual specialisation can be structured in different ways, depending on the size of your thesis and whether you start in September or February. Below, you will find course tables showing the study structure if you start in September or February with a thesis worth 30 ECTS:

Example 1: Study Start in September, Thesis 30 ECTS

Compulsory courses: 22.5 ECTS
Restricted elective courses: 37.5 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Example 2: Study Start in February, Thesis 30 ECTS

Study start in February is only for students with legal right of admission to the programme. Read about legal right of admission.

Compulsory courses: 22.5 ECTS
Restricted elective courses: 37.5 ECTS
Elective courses: 30 ECTS
Master's thesis: 30 ECTS

One block each year equals nine weeks of study and 15 ECTS. The table is primarily for guidance and may be subject to revision.

Restricted Elective Courses

Choose your restricted elective courses from the list below. Click on each course for a detailed description.

• Advanced Chemometrics and Machine Learning
• Advanced Food Chemistry
• Brewing and Raw Materials
• Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology
• Dairy Microbiology
• Dairy Product Technology 1
• Dairy Product Technology 2
• Design of Experiments and Optimisations
• Food Consumer Research
• Food Packaging
• Food Structure and Functional Ingredients
• Foodomics and Plant Foods
• Fundamentals of Beer Brewing and Winemaking
• Microbiological Food Safety and Quality: Control, Cases and Practicals
• Microbiology of Fermented Food and Beverages
• Molecular and Functional Properties of Milk
• Plants for Foods 1 - Composition and Biochemistry
• Plants for Foods 2 - Processing and Functionality
• Quantitative Bio-spectroscopy
• Yeast Physiology and Applications

What does your job as an Application Scientist at Chr. Hansen involve?

I am responsible for one of our cheese segments, Cheddar, i.e. for the cultures and enzymes we sell to Cheddar cheese productions around the world. Cheddar production typically takes place in England, Ireland, the United States and Australia and I am primarily in contact with our salespeople, but also our customers, who are the companies producing Cheddar cheese.

If customers are experiencing different kinds of cheese production problems, it is my job to make sure we get to the bottom of it. Typical problems can be that the cheese tastes wrong, or has the wrong texture or the wrong pH. When you supply an important ingredient, which the culture is in a cheese production, it is often blamed if the production does not go to plan and we also provide advice and guidance when it is not related to the culture.

I can imagine that the customers can be quite challenged when they contact you?

Yes, it can often be about an issue that the customer needs to be resolved quickly. Our salespeople are very skilled and can solve a lot of problems themselves, so we usually avoid the very long trips to the US and Australia.

Altogether, I probably have about 30 travel days a year and if a problem is to be solved by our team, it is typically because the customer needs to have some tests done that the company does not have the ability to perform themselves. Then either I would travel to the company or we would have them send samples that we would analyse in the laboratory.

Another type of task is helping the customer optimise the process. For example, at Chr. Hansen we have helped develop a new instrument that we use to measure how the milk goes from liquid to solid form (coagulation) after adding the rennet enzyme to the milk.

I have visited four or five Irish dairies to measure their productions, where the instrument helps us understand why the products are slightly different from time to time, thus helping to make them more uniform.

Cheese producers ultimately want a process that is as streamlined and uniform as possible so that products meet specifications. Otherwise, the cheese may have to be sold cheaper. So it is very much about helping companies optimise the process and make the products better.

You are also the Team Manager for four Cheese-Makers in your pilot plant in your Application and Technology Center – what does that job involve?

Here my role is to plan the work and make sure that my team has what they need in terms of time in the dairy and equipment so we can produce our experimental cheeses. The experiments are an important part of the development of new cultures and enzymes to be tested in, for example, yoghurt and cheese.

At the moment, we are in the process of setting up a new team, which is why I am also involved in the production. One of the best things about the job is helping people develop.

Do you use what you have learned in your education every day?

Yes, I certainly do, but I was surprised at how many other skills come into play when you are in a company. I think that work is 50% academic qualifications from the study programme and 50% personal qualities. For example, it is the personal qualities that come into play when working with people from all sorts of different cultures and when you have to resolve conflicts.

As Team Manager, Mark Knigge is also involved in the production in the pilot dairy at Chr. Hansen

My job is incredibly exciting and challenging on many levels and I quickly realised that for me it is important that the basic elements, like quality, are in place.

Most businesses are commercial, so you have to earn your salary. And as a recent graduate, you can be surprised at how much the commercial takes up in everyday life. In my job, it means that you often find yourself in a dilemma over whether to do something fast relative to doing it well and it is actually something that makes the job exciting, as it requires good communication skills to convince an eager salesperson who has the customer on the other end.

Another thing is that, as a dairy engineer, you have the academic and theoretical approach, but in everyday life there is often something practical that needs to be organised before you can start to talk about the more theoretical.

When I started at Chr. Hansen two years ago, I would, for example, look at the effect of cultures in terms of flavour development and aroma. But before that can happen, I have to make sure that everything works in relation to the way we make cheese. Therefore, there has been another starting point, where we have begun to look at whether we might have to use a purer milk, so we are able to measure the true effect of the culture – and not the effect of the culture along with some microorganisms that were present in the milk from the beginning. Things can therefore take a little longer than you imagine from the beginning.

What do you like most about the job?

The best part is getting to geek out in a little niche – and here I mean geek in the most positive way. By understanding something in detail you are also equipped to improve it.

What drives me every day is that we can do it even better. We can improve something that may seem a trifle, but means quite a lot in the bigger context of an industrial production. So where I am, I think we can go quite far in collaboration with our customers. Many choose us because we have a lot of input into how they can optimise their process even more and turn some buttons, making it all just a little bit sharper.

Mark has since moved on to become manager of the Cheese Lab & Cheese Makers at Chr. Hansen (now Novonesis). 

Roisínjane Godkin has come to the Faculty of Science from Dublin Institute of Technology, where she has finished her bachelor in Nutraceuticals, which is a study combining nutrition studies with pharmacy:

“I wanted to experience a new culture and a new city, so I went online and found the Master of Science programme Food Science and Technology at the University of Copenhagen. I really liked the course description and the fact that I could specialise in dairy. Ireland has always been known for its good milk, cheese and grass-fed cows, so I would like to get a good job in Ireland as a specialist in this field one day.

Easy to Get Help From Lecturers and Students

As an international student, I find the lecturers are very helpful. I get a lot of one-on-one time with them and you can have your say. And I often engage in debates with the lecturers and fellow students in an open and comfortable environment.

Also, there is always somebody who can help you with all the practical questions you have when you move to a new place. But of course, it is also important to get out of your comfort zone as an international student and not be afraid to approach people.

Challenges

In the beginning, there can be some challenges though. For example, when I started on the programme I got a course that was taught 100% online. I had never done that before.

There was also a change of exam style: In Ireland I had only had written exams. Here, there are many oral exams where the teachers are so lovely but it is something entirely different. There is also a lot more group work. In Ireland you work alone and it’s a bit more competitive. 

Close Contact With Industry, Excursions and Access to a Diary Pilot Plant

The course with the dairy specialization is very unique. You get the option of doing a paid internship and there is a dairy pilot plant on campus. Here students get a chance to use the equipment and have practical exercises on a weekly basis.

And the courses are really good, the lectures keep it relevant by bringing in the newest research, explaining to you why you are learning what you are learning and how you can use it in the real world.

As a student, you also have close contact with the industry. Industry professionals are brought in as guest lectures, there are many networking-events where you can meet potential future employers and there are spot-events for students where you get help to find different job options in your field, make a good resume and so on.

We also go on a lot of excursions to different production sites and see the supply chain from first hand. You get familiar with the whole chain: from the cow being milked to the actual production.

Job Opportunities

I want to join a graduate programme if possible. There are some options out there. It will give me work experience in all aspects of the field so I will get to see what my strongest points are. I am particularly interested in the production side of things and manufacturing of dairy products, so I hope to work my way to consulting to the food industry.

Roisínjane Godkin is currently working as a Business Manager at Arla Foods in the UK.

Why did you choose to do a BSc in Food Science at the University of Copenhagen?

Because I find the chemistry of food fascinating! Why are some foods red, and others viscous, while some food items separate when boiled? I’ve always been interested in what makes food food. In year 9 I did work experience at the Department of Food Science at the University of Copenhagen, where I did some experiments involving putting boiled ham in a UV light cupboard.

The great thing was that I was in a laboratory – but it was not about chemicals, it was about seeing what was in the food.

What makes food chemistry so interesting?

In my master’s thesis I wrote about the aromas found in hops, and how they can be affected by microorganisms etc. One amazing fact is that you cannot define the taste of a beer based on a particular aroma, but that 400 different aromas in a highly complex interplay with your nose and brain combine to produce the taste. A beer might taste like straw and grain with a scent of lemon and grapefruit.

It’s incredibly beautiful that it can take me hours to try to quantify some of the aromas, but it only takes my nose and brain a split second to get an impression of what it tastes like, and whether I like it or not. So it’s the complexity of something as simple as food and beverages that makes it fascinating for me.

How did your interest in beer arise?

After completing lower secondary school, I started at Det Frie Gymnasium, a private upper secondary school based on very democratic principles, and where students have a lot of influence. The students proposed that the school should invest DKK 8,000 in a home beer brewing system. Many of the teachers supported the idea because the system could be used when teaching a number of subjects: mathematics, physics, social science, chemistry and biology. There was a great deal of interest in it, and the system was purchased.

So while others played music, brewing beer became our hobby. This wasn’t something I thought about much when I applied to do Food Science. It was only in my second year of the programme that I started to think that perhaps we could turn beer brewing into more than a hobby.

How did you become a master brewer?

It was pure luck. I was doing an internship as a food engineer at Scottish brewery BrewDog, when I heard that a master brewer programme was likely in the pipeline. I grabbed the phone and got hold of the right people, so that my internship could count towards the new master brewer programme. I had to write a different kind of report in addition to the report I had to write to become a general food engineer. So I’m both a food engineer and a master brewer.

What do you think is special about the Food Science and Technology programme?

It’s an extremely broad programme. In my job today, I can talk to brewery suppliers and discuss the design of pumps, boilers, steam generators and power relays. I also understand the entire microbiology of beer, and know why beer begins to taste like cardboard if there is a fault in production.

I’m not as specialised as the chemical engineer, the microbiologist or the sales manager, but I have a broad understanding of topics like production, process, taste – and even economics, as I did a lot of economics as part of the master brewer programme.

How do you use your studies in your work each day?

I’m always looking for new ingredients for our beer – such as fruits or herbs. If I want to use cloudberries, I have to work out how they are best expressed in a beer. Whether they should be fermented, matured, boiled or extracted in alcohol. There is a whole microbiological cosmos of yeast strains and bacteria cultures, all of which can add a beautiful touch in a beer, if you just know how to bring out exactly the taste you want. The theories have to be tested in practice, and I draw on my knowledge from the programme every single day.

I do VAT accounts and tax, and host beer tastings and seminars, but I also get the opportunity to use my training a lot of the time. Last year we launched 40-50 new beers, and we also have an idea about making bottled cocktails and soft drinks. Making recipes is also still my hobby. When I eat dinner or drink a glass of wine, I automatically think about how it tastes, and which grape the wine was made from and which yeast strain has been used etc.

I’m always keen to do something new. ‘To Øl’ is an experimental brewery where we do a lot of innovation. We need to always be on our toes, and we make regular trips abroad to see what’s happening in the beer industry in other countries.

Would you be able to use your degree elsewhere in the food industry?

My expertise is in liquids, and in our new business, Tapperiet Brus, I will draw on my knowledge to make soft drinks and bottled cocktails. This is a new field for me, but fun to jump into. The soft drinks have to be organic and unpasteurised to get the pure taste.

So I feel I have all the challenges I could want. But maybe one day I’ll start making whisky. I like to dream about that. Buy a property in the country and make whisky to be stored in oak barrels for decades! 

Since this interview, Tobias has founded EtOH Spirits, which produces whisky with a maturation time of only 7-14 days, in part through the use of heat and ultrasound.